Which of the following practices can undermine ethical research?

Engaging in data fabrication or falsification is a practice that fundamentally undermines ethical research. This involves intentionally creating false data or altering existing data to misrepresent results. Such actions compromise the integrity of the research process, lead to misinformation, erode public trust in scientific findings, and can result in significant negative consequences for society at large. Ethical research relies on the accurate and honest presentation of findings, and any deviation from this principle not only harms the researcher's credibility but can also impact future studies and advancements in the field.

The other practices, such as conducting thorough literature reviews, obtaining necessary permits for research, and collaborating with diverse research teams, are all vital components of ethical research. They contribute to the integrity and quality of the research conducted, ensuring that it is based on existing knowledge, compliant with regulations, and enriched by varied perspectives. These practices promote transparency and accountability in research processes, contrasting sharply with the detrimental nature of data fabrication and falsification.