Which action is considered unethical in the practice of research?

Fabricating data to support hypotheses is deemed unethical in the practice of research because it undermines the fundamental principles of scientific integrity and honesty. Research is built on the premise of accuracy and reliability, and when a researcher fabricates data, they compromise the validity of their findings. This action not only misleads other researchers, policymakers, and the public but also poses a significant threat to the overall advancement of knowledge, as it can lead to false conclusions and wasted resources.

In contrast, discussing research findings with peers, engaging in open peer review, and collaborating with multiple research teams are all practices that promote transparency, accountability, and the sharing of ideas, contributing positively to the research community and fostering innovation. These actions are essential for the scientific process and help ensure that research is conducted responsibly and ethically.