What is the definition of fabrication in research?

Fabrication in research is specifically defined as the act of making up data or results and recording or reporting them. This means that the researcher, instead of obtaining or measuring actual data, invents data points or results to present as genuine findings. This misconduct undermines the integrity of research, as it misleads stakeholders, fellow researchers, and the public about the validity of the scientific inquiry being conducted.

The essence of fabrication is that it involves generating false information rather than altering or presenting actual data inaccurately. This distinguishes fabrication from other forms of research misconduct, such as misrepresentation, which involves skewing or incorrectly portraying true findings, or altering results, which implies a manipulation of existing data rather than generating entirely fictitious results. Collecting and reporting raw data does not constitute fabrication at all; it involves the proper and ethical processes of research. Understanding this definition is crucial for maintaining the integrity and credibility of scientific research.