How is 'double-dipping' defined in research funding?

Double-dipping in research funding refers specifically to the practice of utilizing the same funds from multiple sources for the same project. This situation can lead to ethical issues because it misuses funds, potentially violating the terms of agreements with funding agencies. Each funding source typically requires that its funds be used for specific purposes, ensuring that each dollar is accounted for and spent independently. When researchers attempt to overlap funding sources to cover the same expenses, they compromise the integrity of their financial reporting and the trust of their funding organizations.

Other scenarios described in the incorrect options do not pertain to double-dipping. For instance, receiving funding from multiple agencies for different projects does not involve the same funds being used for overlapping purposes. Having multiple roles in a single research study pertains to the distribution of responsibilities rather than funding misuse. Lastly, working on two projects simultaneously may be common in research settings and is not inherently problematic as long as the funding for each project is appropriately managed and accounted for.